LONG AGO

                          Indigenous Australians

 

 

Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. The Aboriginal Indigenous Australians migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago and arrived in Australia around 50,000 years ago. The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northern-most tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. The term "Aboriginal" has traditionally been applied to indigenous inhabitants of mainland Australia, Tasmania, and some of the other adjacent islands.
The earliest definite human remains found to date are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at about 40,000 years old, but the time of arrival of the ancestors of Indigenous Australians is a matter of debate among researchers, with estimates dating back as far as 125,000 years ago.There is great diversity among different Indigenous communities and societies in Australia, each with its own unique mixture of cultures, customs and languages. In present day Australia these groups are further divided into local communities
Although there were over 250–300 spoken languages with 600 dialects at the start of European settlement, fewer than 200 of these remain in use – and all but 20 are considered to be endangered. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create Australian Aboriginal English. The population of Indigenous Australians at the time of permanent European settlement has been estimated at between 318,000and 1,000,000 with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, with the majority living in the south-east, centred along the Murray River.

 

INVENTIONS

                                      WHAT DID WE USE TO DO WITHOUT................?


An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating, baking or drying of a substance. It is most commonly used for cooking. Kilns and furnaces are special-purpose ovens. The first being used mainly for the fabrication of pottery and the second being used for forging.


The earliest ovens were found in Central Europe, and dated to 29,000 BC, it was used as roasting and boiling pits located within yurt structures. They were used to cook mammoth.In Ukraine from 20,000 BC they used pits with hot coals covered in ashes. The food was wrapped in leaves and set on top, then covered with earth.In camps found in Mezhirich, each mammoth bone house had a hearth used for heating and cooking.
Ovens have been used since prehistoric times by cultures who lived in the Indus Valley and pre-dynastic Egypt.Settlements across the Indus Valley had an oven within each mud-brick house by 3200 BC. The obvious explanation for the popular use of the oven in the homes would most likely involve its use for cooking food. However, baked brick sewers were also found at the Indus Valley civilization, which shows that they used the oven for masonry as well.Other ancient cultures that had use for the oven were pre-dynastic civilizations in Egypt. An early form of blacktopware was produced there which required a kiln. This is another hint showing how ovens were used from about 5000–4000 BC.
Culinary historians credit the Greeks for developing bread baking into an art. Front-loaded bread ovens were developed in ancient Greece. The Greeks created a wide variety of doughs, loaf shapes, and styles of serving bread with other foods. Baking developed as a trade and profession as bread increasingly was prepared outside of the family home by specially trained workers to be sold to the public. This is one of the oldest forms of professional food processing.

TOWNS

                                                              
                                                                        SCOTLAND


Scotland
is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

 The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707, although it had been in a personal union with the kingdoms of England and Ireland since James VI of Scotland succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. On 1 May 1707, Scotland entered into an incorporating political union with England to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain. This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite popular opposition and anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow and elsewhere.

TRANSPORTATION

                                                     TRAVEL THROUGH THE TIME.

• Horses used to bge main form or transportation.
• As early as 3000 BC , poeple traveled by chariot.
• In the middle ages , carriages changed to wagons , then later into stagecoches .
• Nowdays , poeple mostly travel by car because it is cheap and easy.

DIFFICULT TIMES

                                                                 "COMING TO AMERICA".




My parents came to the States from Ireland in teh middle of the 19th century . When they were in Ireland  they lived on a farm and grew their orwn food. It was a hard life because tehy had no running water or electricity . There was no work and people lined up for free food at soup kitchens. 
Many people starved to death. My parents decided to move to Ameerica where they knew there was food and jobs.

I was born two years afeter they arrived . Now i live in one-room apartment in New York . We have rinning water and electricity ! i have a good  job , i work in a conbstruction and we build the fantastic skyscrapers you see shooting  up nowdays.

Life is not perfect , but is far better than the life my parents led in Ireland . 

DAY TO DAY

                                                  BEFORE FAME AND FORTUNE.


"Desesperate hosewives" antress Eva Longoria was not always rich and famous . She was born in Texas and lived on a small farm . Her family didn`t have a lot of money . Eva used to help out with chores on the farm after school . She  also used to fo fishing and hunting wiht her dad . Eva`s sister teased her told thath she was ugly .
Eva admitted she didn`t care much about her looks back then . Still , she was very popular at school .  Eva worked hard to successful actress and model.
She also volunteers charity organizations.

WHAT DOES YOUR FUTURE HOLD?

                                                 MY FUTURE:


I  will be a business woman , with a importat and great job.
I will study architecture or for enginner or lawyer , but if  i won`t wok in that , i will work  in the politic. 

I will be millonarie and powerfull women , i will build diferents houses for me and my family in diferents estates and countries.

I will travel around the world.........................